In this article we have provided an easy to understand introduction to Linux for beginners, helping you to get started with the operating system and learn the basic commands needed by using the terminal.
What is Linux?
Linux is a powerful and versatile operating system that is widely used in servers, computers, and mobile devices around the world. Unlike proprietary operating systems, Linux is open-source, meaning it’s free to use and modify. Linux has a strong reputation for stability, security, and flexibility, making it a popular choice among developers, IT professionals, and enthusiasts. It is a valued skill in your C.V once mastered.
Why Learn Linux?
Linux is not just for tech experts, it is also a great option for beginners who want to learn more about operating systems, coding, and the way computers work. With Linux, you gain full control over your system and can explore a variety of distributions (distros) such as Ubuntu, Fedora, and Mint. Learning Linux will help you understand how to navigate and manage a system using commands and give you a competitive edge in the IT world.
Getting Started with Linux
Here’s a step by step guide to help you get started with Linux:
1. Choose a Linux Distribution
Before using Linux, you need to select a distribution that fits your needs. Popular beginner-friendly distributions include:
- Ubuntu: One of the most user-friendly Linux distributions with a strong community and support base.
- Linux Mint: Similar to Ubuntu but with a more traditional desktop environment, making it easier for Windows users to transition.
- Fedora: Offers cutting-edge features and is great for developers who want to work with the latest technologies.
2. Install Linux
After choosing a distribution, you can install Linux by downloading the ISO file from the distribution’s website and you can place a Linux operating system on a bootable USB drive. Most distros provide an installation guide on their websites to help you through the installation process. You can also try Linux in a virtual machine to avoid modifying your current operating system. The virtual machine is a preferred installation method whilst you learn Linux
3. Explore the Linux Desktop Environment
Once Linux is installed, explore the desktop environment. Depending on the distro you choose, you might use GNOME, KDE, or Cinnamon. Each environment offers different user experiences, but most functions, such as browsing files and running applications, are similar across distros.
4. Learn Basic Linux Commands
Understanding the Linux terminal is crucial to mastering Linux. Below are a few beginner commands to get you started:
- ls: Lists files and directories in the current directory.
- cd: Changes the current directory.
- pwd: Prints the working directory, showing where you are in the system.
- cp: Copies files or directories.
- mv: Moves or renames files or directories.
- rm: Removes files or directories.
- man: Displays the manual for any command (e.g.,
man lsshows how to use thelscommand).
5. Understand the Linux File System
Linux uses a hierarchical file system where everything is organized under the root directory (`/`). Key directories include:
- /home: Stores personal files and settings for each user.
- /etc: Contains system-wide configuration files.
- /var: Stores variable data, such as log files.
- /usr: Contains user-installed software and libraries.
6. Keep Learning
Linux is vast, and there’s always more to learn. As you get comfortable, you can explore advanced topics like shell scripting, network configuration, or even programming in languages like Python or Bash.
Ready to dive deeper into Linux? Keep an eye out for our intermediate Linux guide coming soon in the future!